August 22, 2009

The Bacchae and Catharsis

Listening to Jill Bolte-Taylor – Part 2
By Guy Zimmerman

524px-bacchusbycaravaggiojpegWhen Jill Bolte-Taylor was thrown into right-brain mode by the artery exploding in her left brain, she described her new state as a timeless, Nirvanic present. With her left brain shutting down, she felt intimately connected to the ever-shifting field of experience, like a wave moving through a body of water. In her former left-brain mode, Bolte-Taylor described feeling separate from all else and continuous in time – like a particle traversing a solitary path from past into future. Those as intrigued as I am by modern science might foresee the wild, speculative leap I’m about to make – the right-left division of our brains reflects the basic split at the foundation of the material world between wave and particle. In this view, our right brains formed to engage with the wave aspect of the material world; our left in response to its particle aspect.

In the quantum world what leads to the “collapse” from wave to particle is the act of measurement. To take a measurement is to extract information from a system, which requires standing apart from it yourself. This, in Bolte-Taylor’s view, already involves moving decisively away from right-brain participation into left-brain observation. Those of us with an awareness practice might recall the shift out of a meditative state back into everyday consciousness. As we move back into the world, we acquire narrative specificity (“coherence”) the way a wave-form, once measured, acquires mass and position. Falling sway to a self-image, we become fixed in a storyline in which we are moving away from a definite past toward a limited future. This narrative leads to suffering as we move out of balance with what is actually taking place within and around us. We are released from suffering when we rebalance again in the direction of presence and Being.

To push this line of speculation a bit further, what is it that “measures” us as we shift back from right-brain mode to left? Modern psychology from Freud forward suggests that when we embrace a self-image it is always for someone specific, an idealized Other we have conjured, an aspect of a parental figure typically (i.e. the super-ego), introjected into the psyche and then projected outward again onto the world. We compose ourselves, hoping for the best, as this illusory authority takes our measure. In my experience the Other arises first, standing apart, judging, measuring, then the self-image arises in response. Last comes the narrative that supports the self-image.

800px-freud_sofaThis actually happens numerous times a day. Under the gaze of projected Others, we are carried away from the present moment on a current of self-justifying stories, becoming action heroes, maidens in distress, sacrificial victims, avenging angels, saints and seducers in a constantly shifting dreamscape of archetypal dramas. Some of these narratives are encouraged, sponsored and energized by the culture at large, which is prone to its own forms of meta-dreaming. All are attempts to fend off a debilitating sense of lack, an anxiety about our fundamental groundlessness in the face of experience.

Obviously this is a complex subject and not something that can be fully explored here. But all these elements are present in tragic drama. As we in the audience take our seats we become the measuring Other standing apart from the spectacle. If the drama is well constructed we get “drawn in,” the boundary between us and the spectacle becoming porous and insubstantial. This process continues as we begin to “identify” with the protagonist who, under the spell of some self-image, is caught in his (or her) web of action and re-action. The protagonist moves ineluctably toward a final dissolution and all that’s left is…our awareness. Drawn along toward a moment of maximum tension we are released into an open state of presence.

Without a conveniently targeted stroke to help us along, crossing from left brain to right means moving beyond the death of a self-image. This is never easy. Just ask Oedipus, Lear, Hamlet or Beckett’s Hamm. Over-determined, form-based, these figures are inspired by a taste of freedom to struggle against the potent self-images that imprison them. In the Bacchae by Euripides, the god Dionysus shows up in the city-state of Thebes and the women begin to run wild, dancing in the hills. Pentheus, the young king, disapproves. Despite a secret fascination with their ecstatic state he attempts to reassert order and control…and is ripped apart by the marauding women in a cathartic spasm of violence. The left brain always believes the fiction of its own power, only to be defeated by an unknowable presence larger than man.

Like many of the Greek tragedies, The Bacchae is as shocking today as it must have been 2500 years ago, and as relevant to our lives. These works of art retain their transformative power because they embody crucial dynamics operating deep inside the human psyche, dynamics that, spilling over into the public arena, continue to shape our collective destiny as a species. The anxieties being addressed in these texts have to do with the tremendous power human beings began to tap via the left brain during the “axial age”. In the ensuing 2500 years – a heart beat in geologic time – we have utterly transformed the geosphere, to the peril of every life form. Our power to have done so arises mostly from the practice of empiricism, the scientific method, which is left brain, observational thinking in its most distilled form. This is why recent discoveries in the brain sciences, including those of Jill Bolte-Taylor, have ignited such excitement. The sovereignty of the left brain is now being challenged from within the temple of science.

We do not have an easy time inhabiting our innate freedom. To do so requires that we, like the tragic heroes, move through our own suffering, which is then revealed to be the biggest illusion of all. In the words of the teacher Sally Kempton, the emotional effect of tragedy becomes “a doorway into the depths of Being from which we come out transformed.” The idea, according to Kempton, is to hold the freedom of that moment as long as possible, stretching it perhaps into a permanent awareness. We might then begin to fulfill our destiny as a species, our awareness becoming a stage on which matter itself can turn and looks back at itself, a liberating witness capable of restorative action.

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August 9, 2009

Catharsis and the Brain

Listening to Jill Bolte-Taylor – Part 1
By Guy Zimmerman

Suddenly everyone is talking about Jill Bolte-Taylor. Bolte-Taylor is the brain scientist who observed her own stroke in real time as it happened, and then recovered sufficiently in order to make her insights public. Taking a shower one day in 1996 a blood vessel exploded in the left half of her brain. Language swiftly departed, along with basic cognition. She was barely able to reach the phone to call for help. Years later, linguistic abilities restored, she wrote a book about the experience, My Stroke of Insight. It’s a fascinating read, but the most direct way to get a sense of Jill Bolte-Taylor is to check out her TED talk.

According to Bolte-Taylor the two lobes of our brain are radically different from each other in how they operate and what they tell us about the world and our place within it. The left brain is linear and methodical, all about the past and the future. Sensory data is processed in serial fashion, categorizing details out of the immense flood of experience into an actionable plan to achieve concrete aims. In the grip of the left brain we experience ourselves as solid beings, separate from all others and clearly defined in sequential time, which forms an orderly narrative. The right brain, by contrast, processes data in parallel, and is oriented toward this present moment. Under the sway of the right brain we view ourselves as intimately bound to everything that arises in the field of experience as it shifts and changes from moment to moment.

It’s easy to see how the Darwinian struggle for survival would have conditioned us to over-identify with our left brains. Paleolithic ancestors given to feeling too much one-ness in a world full of ravenous cave bears did not live long enough to procreate. But it’s equally clear that the gravest threats currently confronting us are all byproducts of this imbalance in the direction of the left brain. Nuclear war, environmental degradation, these dangers all arise from the demonic aspect of the left brain with its mania for control. We are victims of our own success hurtling toward a left brain precipice, and only a quick U-turn back toward balance can save us.

Bolte-Taylor’s account of exactly how it felt to be conveyed abruptly from left brain mode to right brain mode is full of ultra-modern science talk, but also resonates back through the insights of the great mystical traditions. Students of Buddhism, Gnostic Christianity, Kabala, Sufism or non-Dual Hinduism will recognize the two modes of consciousness Bolte-Taylor describes. She herself does not mince words about what she experienced the day her left brain shut down, calling it Nirvana. And because Bolte-Taylor is an empirical scientist her insights vault the barriers that typically inhibit such ideas in our culture of materialism, and this is hopeful indeed. Along with other recent collaborations between brain scientists and contemplative practitioners, Bolte-Taylor’s popularity offers more evidence that a synthesis of western and eastern insights may truly be forming. As a species we seem to be on the cusp of transforming insight, like a person with a magic word on the tip of his tongue.

Those familiar with this column will be on the lookout for a tie in to theater, and, sure enough, here it comes. The kind of theater I’m drawn too – tragic drama – has always been a way to collectively examine these two poles of experience, and how they relate to each other. Somehow, the Greek tragedians, writing at the beginning of “civilization” detected the imbalance described above. The tragic hero, drunk on the delusions of the self hurtles full speed toward a shattering crisis. Too much form; not enough “emptiness.” Too much existence, not enough Being. And then, after the armor of the self has been stripped away, all that’s left is…the present moment.

From this point of view, the aim of tragic drama is to bring the protagonist from deep in the domain of the narrative (left brain) across to fully inhabit the present moment (right brain) being shared by the audience. We call that arrival catharsis. Catharsis is the movement out from under left brain domination via psychological catastrophe experienced in attention. Catharsis is the completion of sequential time, of narrative, and beyond lies the open space of the formless, timeless present. Oedipus completes his story but lives on, afflicted not only by blindness but also by wisdom.

On the one hand there is the story being re-enacted on stage, the protagonist caught in a sequential web of action and reaction. On the other is the on-going present in which this re-enactment unfolds, a present that includes us as well, observing from our seats. The revelation is by design collective, rooted in non-separation. It’s not just Oedipus or Lear having the experience up there on stage, in other words – it’s our experience too, in the audience. At the moment of maximum emotional charge, spectator and spectacle are united finally, and there is no separation. All of us breathe together in a moment of presence, with awe, pity and terror holding us there, aloft.

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