“Unmistaken Child”, a film by Nati Baratz
by Rita Valencia
“…May I clearly perceive all experiences to be as insubstantial as the dream fabric of the night…”
From a Tibetan Buddhist prayer
“Unmistaken Child” is about a mythic search for a Tulku: the reincarnation of Geshe Lama Konchog, a venerated teacher who is viewed by his contemporaries as a meditator on par with Milarepa, and who, like Milarepa, had practiced and lived in retreat in several caves in the Tsum Valley, a very remote region of Nepal bordering Tibet. The man who is invested with carrying out the search is the Lama’s heart disciple of 21 years, Tenzin Zopa. Tenzin is a fresh-faced, youthful man, with an easy smile and intelligent eyes. His search makes for a fascinating story, full of intimate and charmingly everyday scenes, intercut with stunning shots of dramatic mountain peaks with clouds sweeping over them and lush, untraveled valleys.
The first act of the film is dated with a card which reads October 21, 2001. After we are introduced to Tenzin, we witness a funeral ritual complete with shots of the dead Lama, monks gathering around the pyre of the cremated Lama. The monks can detect a footprint which points to the north–although it is impossible for the viewer to make out anything but the faintest of marks in the bed of ashes. The search for the Lama’s reincarnation begins here; Tenzin is designated as the person who will be conducting the search a few scenes later. The task is illustrated in detail: we watch as Tenzin draws a sketch of the mountainous skyline to the north–where the footprint pointed, to help in a divination that will result in a clearer idea of the whereabouts of a possible incarnation. He wraps the completed sketch in a yellow silk kerchief and sends it off to an astrologer, Lobsam Jamyang of the Heruka Center in Taiwan. We see the astrologer’s response in a videotape. Tenzin and Lama Lhundrup (head lama at the Kopan monastery) watch the tape on a funky little TV set, with wonder and glee, as the astrologer works out his divination and comes up with clues as to who might be the Tulku (incarnation) and where this child might live. I must pause here to comment that there is a very sophisticated international internet presence of Tibetan Buddhists, and Tenzin is a highly educated monk who would no doubt be capable of snapping a digital photo and emailing it to the astrologer–one wonders whether this primitive form of communication is simply theater. But more on this later.
Tenzin then sets off on his journey, by helicopter to a remote village in the stunningly beautiful and unspoiled Tsum Valley, and then onward on foot, with only a backpack…and of course a small film crew trailing behind. Tenzin, and the filmmaker, scrupulously maintain that this is not a task that even a devout practitioner can take lightly. It is not as if a person raised as a monk has some sort of inborn certitude about a supernatural event. “Only a Buddha can know another Buddha”, Tenzin frets, worrying that he is not up to the task of identifying the Tulku. “We cannot judge a being higher than our own state.” The great masters who are able to choose their reincarnations are conveyors of a history of spiritual accomplishment that is simply moved from one body to the next without the obstacle of self. But ordinary practitioners, even highly trained and sincere ones such as Tenzin Zopa, have not yet transcended self or the delusions that arise from it.
“Unmistaken Child” is very careful to highlight moments of humanness that his Western audience will be able to relate to: the little Tulku crying as his head is shaved, the sadness and reluctance of his parents in giving up the child, Tenzin’s moments of self-doubt, his obvious grief and love for his master, the innocence and sincerity of the people from the remote regions where the child is sought. Even in this very unspoiled valley where there is little influence of the secularized world, faith is not a given. “We see no children with any interest in the teachings”, says one of the farmers when Tenzin asks if any of the current crop of toddlers seems “unusual”.
As his story unfolds, the filmmaker is exquisitely quiet about his own opinion of the proceedings, and he builds this narrative with great craft and restraint, well aware that he will be presenting this film to a world where disparagement, intolerance, even ridicule, of the faithful is ubiquitous. Clearly Baratz has a loving and respectful attitude towards Tibetan Buddhism, and takes a personal interest in showing this tradition in a good light. He makes this claim in his press releases and other statements, while saying that he wasn’t sure he believed in reincarnation; and clearly he has studied and practiced himself. However, the respect and love that a talented filmmaker has for his subject has led to a certain factual over-manipulation.
In a very systematic way, from the middle of the film, the plot continuously shifts between earthly scene to magical scene, happy scene to sad scene, up until the end. It was important for me to keep the audience emotionally and thematically challenged, thus encourage them to contemplate rather than just experience. This style was also inspired from Buddha’s teachings. Buddha asked his disciples not to believe anything he says, but to check everything themselves. —Nati Baratz‘ words, from his press materials
The film is graced with travel photography that is sumptuous, and a charming and likable main subject–certainly, not all Tibetan lamas are the type to dance around with flowers in their ears as Tenzin does. However, as the narrative plot points ticked by with such remarkable precision, I became curious about this film.
Documentary is a difficult form to give such precise shape. I admired Baratz’ verite style of storytelling, and understood how it is necessary to cut hours and hours of footage into a coherent story, but this was just a bit too well-structured. I became suspicious, especially on the third viewing, where I stopped on a scene at the Dalai Lama’s home in Dharamsala in which Tenzin Zopa is appointed to the mission to conduct his search by Dagri Rinpoche. I listened to the dialogue without paying attention to subtitles, and closely watched the performances of the actors. It was, unmistakably, set up. This observation led me to further exploration of the incarnation story, and within a few clicks of my Google search I found this:
http://www.fpmt.org/teachers/konchog/tenzin.asp…and suddenly found that I was in the world of Rashomon.
It is a letter written by Ven. Tenzin Zopa to the senior Rinpoche, Kyabje Lama Thupten Zopa Rinpoche, telling his own story of the reincarnation discovery process. The account jumps around in time a bit, but it is very comprehensive and gives a pretty clear picture of the circumstances surrounding the death of the Lama, and finding the Tulku. It includes many facts based on conversations that Tenzin had with other Lamas who were close to Lama Konchog, and his own conversations and experiences with his master that he had not felt free to disclose until after the Tulku was confirmed. Even excluding facts of which Baratz may have genuinely been unaware at the time he made this film, there are some major and significant discrepancies between Tenzin’s account and Baratz’s retelling.
Before even addressing Tenzin’s document, the questions begin with the time frame. By Baratz’ own account, he and his wife spent a month at the Kopan monastery. This occurred, according to him in the year 2002. He and his wife had traveled to this remote region to learn more about Buddhism and to research a different project, with no idea of the reincarnation project on which he was about to embark. During the course of his stay, he met Ven. Tenzin Zopa, who asked for him to pray for his recently deceased Lama Konchog to be reincarnated.
The Lama had passed away on the 21 of October 2001. Obviously, since the filmmaker was not present for this event, he had to patch a funeral together from a few ceremonies. Geshe Lama Konchog’s funeral would have had to have taken place before Baratz had even arrived in Nepal, (but certainly after the date that was identified in the title card) as such high lamas are left untouched for some time. Reconstructions are commonplace in documentaries but to place the main character in a scene and make it appear to be “real” is a questionable practice. Hopefully this is a question that will be cleared up before this film is completely accepted as truly a documentary and not a docudrama.
We are given to believe that the astrologer’s divination, the footprint found after cremation and the direction of smoke from the funeral pyre offered the only clues to the whereabouts of the Tulku. In fact, others close to the Lama provided convincing hints. Tenzin’s words:
In the beginning of 2003…I returned to Sera Je University and went to pay respects to my teacher, the ex-abbot of Sera Je University, Khensur Losang Tsering Rinpoche. We had a serious conversation on the late great mahasiddha Geshe Lama Konchog’s life and reincarnation. Khensur Rinpoche made an observation and said it is 100% sure that the Great Mahasiddha’s reincarnation already exists. Then I asked where Khensur Rinpoche thinks He is now? Rinpoche replied, “In my observation He seems to have taken rebirth in the place where Geshe La meditated in the past 25 years.” [Tenzin knows this to be Tsum Valley, where as a child he came to know Lama Konchog.]
— The Incarnation of Geshe Lama Konchog Tulku Tenzin Phuntsok Rinpoche.
Letter from Ven Tenzin Zopa to Kyabje Lama Thupten Zopa Rinpoche about the search for the reincarnation, And the miraculous signs around the events. July 31 2005
Furthermore, the truth of Lama Konchog’s and Tenzin’s relationship with the Tulku’s family is misrepresented. Tulku Tenzin Phuntsok Rinpoche is in fact, the nephew of Tenzin Zopa. The marriage between Tenzin’s brother and sister-in-law had been match-made by Lama Konchog. Lama Konchog knew Apey (the Tulku’s father and Tenzin Zopa’s brother) very well. In the days before his death, Lama Konchog had requested a special offering of food from Apey, which Apey fullfilled. Baratz makes it appear that the family of the Tulku is completely unknown to Tenzin, and that he is searching with little to go on but the astrologer clues of a couple of letters (TS) from the name of the area where the Tulku is to be found and the first letter of the father’s name (A). We even have a scene in which Tenzin, weeks into his trek through the valley, meets a couple of aunts he appears not to have seen in years, and asks the women if they are aware of any children aged 1 to 2. From these women he hears of a man named “Ahpe”(sic) with two sons in a nearby village. We are left with the impression that Tenzin has no idea who the family is that he is going to meet. Are we to believe that the scene in which he meets his nephew–seemingly for the first time–is authentic, or is it staged as well? There is no indication that Tenzin has any familial ties with the boy, and we are left with the impression that the family is simply incredibly open and trusting with a stranger in their home, even allowing him to sleep with the child soon after winning their trust. Are we supposed to think that these are exotic mountain people who are so innocent and deeply trusting of wandering monks that they let them take their kids to bed?
Granted, there would be little narrative tension to a story where the subject has a hunch that the reincarnation of his venerated teacher, with strong roots to the village of his birth and to his family, is actually his nephew. Why disclose these pestering little factoids and ruin a good story? According to his own account, Tenzin Zopa himself did not reveal all the evidence that he possessed until the Tulku had been confirmed, in order not to taint the confirmation process. It is impossible to know how much Baratz did know and chose to keep hidden. For once a couple of basic facts are altered or relevant details excluded to this extent, the filmmaker’s credibility suffers, and it calls into question the overall authenticity of this work.
Now the question becomes, when does a film cease to be a documentary? How much subjectivity and impressionism does documentary allow? This is a form which is used to build argument, to present evidence, and generally to portray subject matter in a factual way. Here the subject matter is both ordinary human stuff and the supernatural. Does the nature of the mythical search change the rules of documentary reportage simply because it is unprovable by Western laws of evidence? Would cleaving to a more factual approach have left us with a film that taints its subject matter with too rationalist and legalistic a perspective?
In fairness to Baratz, he chose a challenging subject. It is difficult to approach the question of faith (even though Buddhism is not a theistic religion, faith is central to its practice). Intellectual and rational tools don’t work to explain faith. In fact, what does it mean, to “approach the question?” Is faith a question to be approached? When you question your faith, are you questioning the truth of what you came to believe, or your own resolve in believing it? Is faith the enemy of scientific process and rationalism? Is faith a means to freedom? Or it is simply a form of delusion which gives comfort to the ignorant and a means of control to religious orthodoxies? Is faith a “right brain” stepchild only to be kicked out of the house by its burlier rational sibling in the “left brain”? Are we to take the experiences of oneness and transcendence, gifts of some soon to be half-explained processes of neural synapses, as figments of an imagination driven by the desire to escape the mundane, the miserable, the banal? Are we to accept that these are holy visions of a world inhabited by invisible ones of manifold names, shared by men and women who have pioneered the way into these realms and handed down genuine–albeit extraordinary—accounts of their experiences? Or are we to go the ultimate distance and ourselves apply for residence in these realms?
When a film is staring down issues such as these, perhaps one can grant some leeway to an obviously skillful director, sit back, and relax as the story unwinds. But then do some investigation, as the Buddha instructs. While this film is worth admiring for its limpid style and great beauty, it should receive no more bogus “documentary” awards. It seems that the subject matter demands and deserves more honesty, not pleasing